Introduction to Ling ...

It is possible to show the relationship between all these elements in the following diagram:

As shown in the diagram, the Syntactic Component is “generative” and the other components are “interpretive”.

The Syntactic Component generates both a surface structure and a deep structure for every sentence. How? The deep structure is the output of the Base rules of the 

Syntactic Component. The surface structure is the output of the Transformational rules of the Syntactic Component. The Base Rules are similar to PS rules of the 1957 version. In order to get the deep structure, The Base rules, in turn, use two types of rules: PS rules and the Lexicon.
PS rules and the lexicon were combined in the 1957 version in the 1st component (PSG). This combination of two operations in the same component produced deviant sentences because the individual rewriting rules could not indicate the restrictions on the choice of words.
e. g. - John frightens sincerity*.
- Colourless green ideas sleep furiously*.
- The blue girl followed a paper in a young dress*.
Phrase structure rules state the basic combinations (structures) that are permissible (i.e. they show which structures are grammatical and which are ungrammatical) using labels like N, V, and NP… They turn symbols into other symbols (categorical).
When using words in sentences a native speaker's knowledge indicates that words do not occur in the same syntactic contexts:
e. g. - John arrived
- John arrived Mary.* (no object needed)
- John ate fish.
- John takes.* (object needed)
Even words that are syntactically similar can have some restrictions according to their meanings:
e.g. - John drinks water.
- John drinks bread.* (“drink” + liquid object)
- Sincerity admires John.* (“admire” + animate subject)
The verbs in these sentences have the same syntactic features (all are transitive), but combine with different lexical items in each case.
The Lexicon inserts words from the appropriate syntactic and semantic categories to the terminal strings of PS rules. The idea of breaking down word meaning into small components (features / markers) was originally developed by Katz and Fodor (1963) in a separate semantic theory. The Lexicon provides lexical entries (or a dictionary) for all the lexical items in the language with all the information about them in the form of syntactic and semantic features (Selectional Restrictions). There are two types of selectional restrictions, introduced by Chomsky in the Aspects model, as part of the lexicon. It is possible to show them in the following diagram: