الفلسفة الأنجلوساكسو ...

 Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that – very broadly – understands knowing the world as inseparable from agency within it. This general idea has attracted a remarkably rich and at times contrary range of interpretations, including: that all philosophical concepts should be tested via scientific experimentation, that a claim is true if and only if it is useful (relatedly: if a philosophical theory does not contribute directly to social progress then it is not worth much), that experience consists in transacting with rather than representing nature, that articulate language rests on a deep bed of shared human practices that can never be fully ‘made explicit’. After a brief historical survey, the first part of this entry explores the classical pragmatists’ distinctive methods, and how they give rise to an original a posteriori epistemology. After that, we briefly explore some of the many other areas of philosophy in which rich pragmatist contributions have been made, both in pragmatism’s classical era and the present day.