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A

Ad Hominem

a.k.a.: Attacking the Person A persuasion strategy in which the peddler attempts to defend her own position by pointing out the undesirable associations, personal characteristics, or motives of those who do not accept it. The impact of the suggestion that "only bad people disagree with me" is often supplemented with an "all good people agree with me", introducing an appeal to diffuse authority. The big (and overlooked) question is, what has their badness or your goodness got to do with the truth of your position? The big (and overlooked) answer typically is "Nothing."

Ambiguity

A term in a context is ambiguous if it has more than one relatively distinct meaning in that context

antecedent

The "iffy" part of an "if-then" statement.
Comment: "Antecedent" and "consequent", as technical terms, refer only to parts of a conditional statement. Thus there is neither consequent nor antecedent in statements of the form "A or B", and in particular, A is not the antecedent in such a statement.
Not every statement following the word "if" is the antecedent of a conditional. For example, statements of the form "A only if B" translate into the conditional "If A then B", where you can see that actually B represents the consequent statement, not the antecedent.

Argument

An argument is a collection of statements in which one or more (known as the premises) are given for the purpose of justifying, or defending as true, another statement (the conclusion).