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criticism A general term for the analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of LITERATURE. One aspect of criticism—the examination of its underlying assump tions and the presentation of its principles and procedures—is characterized as literary theory, which has assumed increasing importance in literary study since the 1960s.

(QUINN, 2006 p 101)

Context In literary study, context also refers to the relevant historical and social con ditions in which a text is written, set, or received

A later form of NEW CRITICISM, formulated by the critic Murray Krieger, argued for an approach known as “contextualism” in which the poem itself was conceived of as a “closed context” independent of the historical and social condi tions in which it was produced.

(QUINN, 2006 p 79)

Class As a term, social class is relatively recent, dating back to the 19th century, although the phenomenon it describes is ancient. The most famous employment of the term belongs to Karl Marx, who postulated the existence of three classes: the land-owning old aristocracy; the bourgeoisie, the owners of the fi nancial and manu facturing “means of production”; and the proletariat,