Introduction

The Crisis of Comparative Literature 

1.    The French School                                          

       The Concept of Influence 

 a. "Literary" and "Non-literary" Influence b. "Direct" and "Indirect" Influence       

       The Concept of "Reception"                                  

       The Concept of "Imitation" and "Borrowing"

       "Positive" and "Passive" Influence

       1. Literary Schools and Genres     

       2. Ideological Echoes                  

       3. Image Echoes                         

       4. Verbal Echoes                         

       5. Human Models and Heroes      

2.    The American School                   

       1. The "Parallelism" Theory         

       2. The "Intertextuality" Theory      

Comparative Literature Beyond  the Euro-American Frontiers