1. General Introduction 

     > Introductory facts

    >The Orthographic Inconsistency

    > The IPA and the Phonemic Symbols of Speech Sounds

    > Accent and Dialect

  2. Phonetics & Phonology

    > Definition of Phonetics

   > Branches of Phonetics

   > Articulatory phonetics

   > Acoustic phonetics

   > Auditory phonetics

   > Difference between Phonetics and Phonology

  3. The Production of Speech Sounds and The Speech Organs

     > The Production of Speech Sounds

             > The Speech Sounds

             > Air-stream Mechanism

    >The Speech Organs

            > Vocal Tract Anatomy

            > Passive Vs. Active Articulators

            > Common Vs. Scientific Terms of Articulators

   4. Speech Mechanism and Oral/Nasal Sounds

    > Speech Mechanism

             > Initiation or Respiration

            > Phonation Process

            > The Oro-nasal Mechanism

            > Articulation/Articulatory Process

   > Oro-nasal Process

  5. English Consonants, Voicing, Place and Manner of Articulation

     > Voicing

    > Place of Articulation

              > Bilabial sounds

              > Labiodental sounds

              > Dental sounds

              > Alveolar sounds

              > Palatoalveolar

              > Palatal sounds 

              > Velar sounds

              > Glottal sound

    > Manner of Articulation

             > Plosives (or stops) 

             > Fricatives

             > Affricates

             > Nasals

             > Laterals

             > Approximants

 6. English Vowels and Quadrilateral Diagram 

    > Monophthongs

        > Tongue Position

               > Height

               > Backness

        > The Shape of the Lips

                > Rounded vowels

                > Unrounded vowels

         > Tenseness and Length

    > Diphthongs

           Centring Diphthongs

           Closing to /ɪ/ diphthongs

           > Closing to /ʊ/ diphthongs

آخر تعديل: Sunday، 21 February 2021، 11:34 PM