During this semester, you will see the essential techniques used in translating from English into Arabic and vice versa. You will learn how to identify and use strategies such as borrowing, calque, literal translationmodulation, transpositionequivalenceadaptation, and other techniques. Through practical exercises and real-world examples, you will explore how these techniques help overcoming both structural and cultural differences between the two languages. By the end of the course, you will be able to choose and justify the most suitable translation technique for different  situations of transaltion.