3. IFIDs
The most obvious device for indicating the illocutionary force (the Illocutionary Force Indicating Device, or IFID) is an expression of the type shown in [6] where there is a slot for a verb that explicitly names the illocutionary act being performed. Such a verb can be called a performative verb (Vp).
1 (Vp) you that...
Speakers do not always 'perform' their speech acts so explicitly, but they sometimes describe the speech act being per formed.